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Standley, J. (2012). A discussion of evidence-based music therapy to facilitate feeding skills of premature infants: The power of contingent music. The Arts in Psychotherapy, 39(5), 379-382. doi: 10.1016/j.aip.2012.06.009
Abstract: Due to neurologic immaturity, premature infants must be fed by tube until approximately 34 gestational weeks and many have subsequent problems with transition to oral feeding. In the United States, infants whose only problem is ineffective feeding remain in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit at an average cost of $2000/day until independent nippling with regular weight gain is achieved. This is a serious and prevalent problem that increases medical costs and risk of developmental delays. Research shows that infants generally thrive more in the home with home-based nursing support and medical monitoring than in the hospital and the earliest possible discharge date is preferred. The appearance of the non-nutritive sucking reflex is an indication of physiologic maturation that can be affected by learning experiences. One learning experience, music reinforcement activated by pacifier sucking, can facilitate feeding ability of premature infants. Contingent music for non-nutritive sucking increases sucking frequency, duration, and endurance leading quickly to proficient nippling and earlier discharge. This article discusses the feeding problems of premature infants and provides an overview of the research and the clinical applications of using contingent music to facilitate feeding.
Keywords: Premature infant; Music therapy; Contingent music; Non-nutritive sucking
http://www.sciencedirect.com.libproxy.wlu.ca/science/article/pii/S0197455612001074
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Title: The music of the body: Music therapy in medical settings.
Author: Aldridge, David
Abstract: Discusses the use of music as therapy from a medical point of view. The principal emphasis of research reviewed is on the soothing ability of music and on the value of music as an antidote to an overly technological medical approach. Some areas in which music therapy has been successful include (1) manipulating heart rate and blood pressure, (2) relieving anxiety and stress in cancer patients, (3) aiding in pain management and hospice care, (4) rehabilitating people with neurological problems, and (5) diagnosing cognitive and motor impairment in the elderly. Time and the musical expression of disease is discussed, with the idea that people with disease may perceive and respond to music differently than do healthy people. People with language disorders, especially due to brain damage following head trauma, are also helped by the therapeutic stimulation of articulation, fluency, and shaping procedures akin to musical phrasing. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: Music medicine, music therapy, technological medical approach
Journal: American Psychological Association. Vol 9. Issue 1. (1993). pp. 17-35
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Title: Active Music Therapy in Parkinson’s Disease: An Integrative Method for Motor and Emotional Rehabilitation
Authors: Pacchetti, C., Francesca, M., Roberto, A., Fundaro, C., Martignoni, E., & Nappi, G.
Abstract: Background: Modern management of Parkinson’s disease (PD) aims to obtain symptom control, to reduce clinical disability, and to improve quality of life. Music acts as a specific stimulus to obtain motor and emotional responses by combining movement and stimulation of different sensory pathways. We explored the efficacy of active music therapy (MT) on motor and emotional functions in patients with PD.Methods: This prospective, randomized, controlled, single-blinded study lasted 3 months. It consisted of weekly sessions of MT and physical therapy (PT). Thirty-two patients with PD, all stable responders to levodopa and in Hoehn and Yahr stage 2 or 3, were randomly assigned to two groups of 16 patients each. We assessed severity of PD with the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale, emotional functions with the Happiness Measure, and quality of life using the Parkinson’s Disease Quality of Life Questionnaire. MT sessions consisted of choral singing, voice exercise, rhythmic and free body movements, and active music involving collective invention. PT sessions included a series of passive stretching exercises, specific motor tasks, and strategies to improve balance and gait.Results: MT had a significant overall effect on bradykinesia as measured by the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (p < .034). Post–MT session findings were consistent with motor improvement, especially in bradykinesia items (p < .0001). Over time, changes on the Happiness Measure confirmed a beneficial effect of MT on emotional functions (p < .0001). Improvements in activities of daily living and in quality of life were also documented in the MT group (p < .0001). PT improved rigidity (p < .0001). Conclusions: MT is effective on motor, affective, and behavioral functions. We propose active MT as a new method for inclusion in PD rehabilitation programs.
Journal: Psychosomatic Medicine: Volume 62, Issue, 3. May/June (200). pp. 386-393.
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Title: Neurologic Music Therapy Improves Executive Function and Emotional Adjustment in Traumatic Brain Injury Rehabilitation
Authors: Thaut, M., Gardiner, C., Holmber, D., Horwitz, J., Kent, Andrews, G., Donelan, B., & McIntosh, G.
Abstract:This study examined the immediate effects of neurologic music therapy (NMT) on cognitive functioning and emotional adjustment with brain-injured persons. Four treatment sessions were held, during which participants were given a pre-test, participated in 30 min of NMT that focused on one aspect of rehabilitation (attention, memory, executive function, or emotional adjustment), which was followed by post-testing. Control participants engaged in a pre-test, 30 min of rest, and then a post-test. Treatment participants showed improvement in executive function and overall emotional adjustment, and lessening of depression, sensation seeking, and anxiety. Control participants improved in emotional adjustment and lessening of hostility, but showed decreases in measures of memory, positive affect, and sensation seeking.
Keywords: brain injury, neurologic music therapy, cognitive rehabilitation, attention, memory, executive function, emotional adjustment
Journal: The Neurosciences and Music III Disorders and Plasticity. Vol 1169. July (2009) pp. 406-416.
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Title: Music therapy to reduce pain and anxiety in children with cancer undergoing lumbar puncture: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Nguten, T., Nilsson, S., Hellstrom, A., & Bengston, A.
Abstract: A nonpharmacological method can be an alternative or complement to analgesics.The aim of this study was to evaluate if music medicine influences pain and anxiety in children undergoing lumbar punctures. A randomized clinical trial was used in 40 children (aged 7-12 years) with leukemia, followed by interviews in 20 of these participants. The participants were randomly assigned to a music group (n = 20) or control group (n = 20). The primary outcome was pain scores and the secondary was heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, and oxygen saturation measured before, during, and after the procedure. Anxiety scores were measured before and after the procedure. Interviews with open-ended questions were conducted in conjunction with the completed procedures. The results showed lower pain scores and heart and respiratory rates in the music group during and after the lumbar puncture. The anxiety scores were lower in the music group both before and after the procedure. The findings from the interviews confirmed the quantity results through descriptions of a positive experience by the children, including less pain and fear.
Keywords: anxiety, music, non pharmacological therapy pain
Journal: Pediatric Oncology Nursing. May/ June 2010. Vol. 27. No. 3. pp. 146-155
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